Ketika Usaha Tak Selalu Berbuah Nilai: Menguji Ulang Penentu Prestasi Mata Kuliah Bidang Pajak Mahasiswa Akuntansi
(When Effort Does Not Always Pay Off: Re-examining the Determinants of Taxation Course Grades among Accounting Students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61656/sbamr.v7i1.529Kata Kunci:
Ability and Effort, Intellectual Skills, Study Habits, Taxation Course Grades, Teaching MethodsAbstrak
Purpose: This study examines whether study habits, ability and effort, intellectual skills, and teaching methods affect accounting students’ grades in taxation courses, namely Tax Law and Taxation, Tax Cases, and Tax Planning, at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur. The study responds to inconsistent findings on the determinants of learning achievement in accounting education and to preliminary interviews in which students attributed their tax grades to last-minute studying, limited ability, and lecturers’ teaching styles.
Method: A quantitative explanatory survey was conducted on 65 active accounting students of the 2004 cohort, selected by simple random sampling from a population of 179 using the Slovin formula. The independent variables were measured with a seven-point semantic differential scale, whereas the dependent variable was the combined grade weight of the three taxation courses. Data were tested for validity, reliability, normality, and classical assumptions, and then analysed using multiple linear regression, with the F test serving as a goodness-of-fit test of the model and t tests used for hypothesis testing.
Findings: The goodness-of-fit test indicates that the regression model is not fit, and the variables in the model explain only a small part of the variation in taxation course grades. None of the hypotheses is supported: study habits and ability and effort show positive but insignificant effects, while intellectual skills and teaching methods show negative but insignificant effects. These results suggest that students’ self-perceived learning attributes do not translate directly into tax grades, which appear to depend on factors outside the model, such as aptitude and interest in taxation, physical condition, the social learning environment, and the design of assessment.
Implication: Tax lecturers and study programmes should not rely solely on students’ self-perceived diligence or ability. They should design spaced practice and case-based learning that is directly aligned with assessment, monitor actual study behaviour, foster interest in taxation, and include objective measures of competence in future evaluations of tax learning.
Originality: The study focuses on taxation courses, which are rarely examined in research on accounting students’ achievement, and combines learner-related factors (study habits, ability and effort, intellectual skills) and an instruction-related factor (teaching method) in a single model. Its null results provide a useful counterpoint to studies that report strong effects of these factors in introductory or intermediate accounting courses.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan: Penelitian ini menguji apakah kebiasaan belajar, kemampuan dan usaha, kemampuan intelektual, serta metode pengajaran berpengaruh terhadap nilai mata kuliah bidang pajak, yaitu Hukum Pajak dan Perpajakan, Kasus Pajak, dan Perencanaan Pajak, pada mahasiswa Akuntansi Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh temuan yang belum konsisten mengenai penentu prestasi belajar dalam pendidikan akuntansi serta hasil wawancara pendahuluan yang menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mengaitkan nilai pajaknya dengan kebiasaan belajar menjelang ujian, keterbatasan kemampuan, dan cara mengajar dosen.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif eksplanatori dilakukan melalui survei terhadap 65 mahasiswa aktif Akuntansi angkatan 2004 yang dipilih dengan simple random sampling dari populasi 179 mahasiswa menggunakan rumus Slovin. Variabel bebas diukur dengan skala semantic differential tujuh poin, sedangkan variabel terikat diukur dengan gabungan bobot nilai ketiga mata kuliah bidang pajak. Data diuji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, dan asumsi klasik, kemudian dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda, menggunakan uji F sebagai uji goodness of fit model dan uji t untuk pengujian hipotesis.
Temuan: Uji goodness of fit menunjukkan bahwa model regresi tidak layak (tidak fit), dan variabel-variabel dalam model hanya menjelaskan sebagian kecil variasi nilai mata kuliah bidang pajak. Tidak satu pun hipotesis terdukung: kebiasaan belajar serta kemampuan dan usaha berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan, sedangkan kemampuan intelektual dan metode pengajaran berpengaruh negatif tetapi tidak signifikan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa atribut belajar yang dipersepsikan sendiri oleh mahasiswa tidak serta-merta berubah menjadi nilai pajak, yang tampaknya lebih ditentukan oleh faktor di luar model, seperti bakat dan minat terhadap perpajakan, kondisi fisik, lingkungan sosial belajar, dan desain penilaian.
Implikasi: Dosen dan program studi tidak cukup bersandar pada persepsi mahasiswa tentang ketekunan atau kemampuannya sendiri. Pembelajaran pajak perlu dirancang dengan latihan berjarak dan berbasis kasus yang selaras langsung dengan penilaian, memantau perilaku belajar yang sebenarnya, menumbuhkan minat terhadap perpajakan, serta memasukkan ukuran kompetensi yang objektif dalam evaluasi pembelajaran pajak berikutnya.
Orisinalitas: Penelitian ini berfokus pada mata kuliah bidang pajak yang jarang dikaji dalam riset prestasi mahasiswa akuntansi, serta memadukan faktor dari sisi pembelajar (kebiasaan belajar, kemampuan dan usaha, kemampuan intelektual) dan faktor dari sisi pengajaran (metode pengajaran) dalam satu model. Hasil yang tidak signifikan memberikan pembanding yang berguna bagi studi-studi yang melaporkan pengaruh kuat faktor-faktor tersebut pada mata kuliah pengantar atau akuntansi keuangan menengah.
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